https://www.ajmb.org/ Avicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology en daily 1 Wed, 01 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Wed, 01 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0330 https://www.ajmb.org/article_250406.html Nanotechnology has introduced revolutionary progress in medical sciences, providing unparalleled prospects for diagnosing and treating diseases. Notably, Nanomedicine enables targeted drug delivery, maximizes therapeutic effects, limits undesirable effects, and enhances therapeutic precision, which was unattainable with conventional methods. Furthermore, integrating natural biomolecules in nanoparticle synthesis has evolved as a sustainable approach, combining ecological safety with improved biocompatibility and pharmacological performance. This review aims to systematically scrutinize the literature on the beneficial effects of green Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs) on antioxidant and anti-diabetic potential. For this study, the literature was meticulously searched, and data were collected from preferred sources, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, ScienceOpen, DOAJ, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and Scilit. The literature search was restricted to English-language works published between 2014 and 2024. Data collection focused on the antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties of green-synthesized SeNPs, which were reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach. Methods like DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays were used to assess the antioxidant activity. This review finds that Aloe vera, Annona muricata (A. muricata), Waltheria indica (W. indica) (IC50 0.00692), Millettia pinnata (IC50 0.0077), Camellia sinensis, Citrus sinensis (IC50 0.00849) mediated NPs in DPPH and W. indica (IC50 0.01685), A. muricata, Calluna vulgaris (IC50 0.01687), Echinacea purpurea, Aloe vera, Blighia sapida NPs in ABTS (in mg/ml concentration) exhibited a very promising antioxidant effect. The plant Fagonia critica (F. cretica) (IC50 0.1), Cassica auriculata (C. auriculata), Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera), Caralluma tuberculate (C. tuberculate) in α-glucosidase and F. cretica, C. auriculata, M. oleifera, Broccoli florets, C. tuberculata mediated NPs, in α-amylase assay (mg/ml concentration) showed the most prominent antidiabetic effects. Therefore, the green-synthesized SeNPs could be considered as distinct antioxidant and antidiabetic agents, potentially contributing to both antidiabetic and antioxidant therapy. https://www.ajmb.org/article_250409.html Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease characterized by pain, stiffness, progressive cartilage loss, and reduced mobility. Current treatments primarily aim to relieve symptoms rather than restore damaged cartilage, and durable regeneration of native hyaline cartilage remains a major clinical challenge. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), particularly those derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs), have emerged as promising cell-free therapeutic platforms because of their ability to modulate inflammation, regulate chondrocyte activity, and influence extracellular matrix metabolism. However, EV heterogeneity, source-dependent variability, limited targeting efficiency, inconsistent cargo loading, and lack of standardized manufacturing protocols continue to restrict their clinical translation. This review summarizes recent advances in engineered EV-based strategies for OA and cartilage repair, including parental-cell preconditioning, genetic modification, surface functionalization, cargo loading, artificial EV platforms, and biomaterial-assisted delivery. Importantly, we distinguish between in vitro findings, preclinical animal studies, and early clinical evidence to provide a balanced assessment of translational readiness. We also discuss key regulatory and safety challenges, including GMP-compliant production, batch-to-batch variability, quality-control criteria, potency assays, scalability, biodistribution, and long-term safety. By integrating EV engineering with translational and regulatory perspectives, this review highlights the potential of engineered EVs as future disease-modifying tools for OA while emphasizing that their clinical efficacy and capacity to restore durable hyaline cartilage remain to be demonstrated in robust human studies https://www.ajmb.org/article_250414.html Background: Melanoma is the deadliest type of cancer affecting the skin’s deeper layers and spreading rapidly to other tissues. The use of biodegradable scaffolding is widely used nowadays. Methods: In this study the anticancer activity against Malignant Melanoma (MM) of different concentrations of Punica granatum (PG) extract loaded on electrospun Poly Vinyl Alcohol- Chitosan fiber was evaluated. The antitumor effects of these compounds were studied against MM cell lines (A375). Results: The experimental data indicate that the cell cycle arrest occurs at different phases for the species analyzed (G2 checkpoint and G0/G1), suggesting a potential involvement of cell-cycle regulatory mechanisms. Conclusion: Since metastasis is very important in cancer cells, the results of this study showed that the use of this plant extract prevents cell migration. The results of this study have promising effects on use of PG versatility in biological systems and into its role as a potential platform for further melanoma-related studies. https://www.ajmb.org/article_250464.html Background: Lung cancer remains a major global health burden, and conventional therapies often fail to meet clinical needs. Although non-coding RNAs are increasingly recognized as key regulators in cancer, the role of NKILA and its modulation by the miR-103/107 cluster in lung cancer growth and metastasis is not fully characterized. This study investigates the impact of the NKILA–miR-103/107 axis on lung cancer progression and metastatic behavior.Methods: To suppress miR-103 and miR-107 activity in the human lung cancer cell line A549, specific LNA-based inhibitors were introduced into the cells. Following in vitro transfection with either miR-specific LNA or a mock control, alterations in the components of the NKILA–miR-103/107 regulatory pathway were quantified using quantitative real-time PCR. The effects of miR inhibition on cellular behavior were then evaluated by measuring A549 cell growth with an MTT assay and assessing invasive capacity through a Transwell invasion test.Results: In lung cancer A549 cells, suppression of miR-103/107 using LNA inhibitors led to a marked elevation in NKILA transcript levels. Functional assays showed that miR-103/107 inhibition was associated with a significant decrease in A549 cell viability (p=0.0041) and a pronounced reduction in invasive capacity (p=0.001).Conclusion: In this in vitro study using A549 lung cancer cells, the NKILA–miR-103/107 axis was associated with lung cancer aggressiveness. miR-103/107 inhibition upregulated NKILA and was accompanied by decreased proliferation and invasion of A549 cells. These findings are preliminary and limited to a single cell line model. Further validation in additional lung cancer models and in vivo systems is required to determine the broader biological and therapeutic relevance of this regulatory interaction. https://www.ajmb.org/article_250466.html Background: There are growing evidences related with critical role of non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), oncogenes, and microRNAs (miRNAs) in pathogenesis and metastatic capacity of Colorectal Cancer (CRC). This study aimed to elucidate the pro-apoptotic and anti-metastatic effect of Noscapine as alkaloid compound in addition its effect on CCAT2, miR-218-5p, MYC, and GLI in Caco-2 CRC cells.Methods: Caco-2 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of Noscapine (10–100 μM). The cytotoxicity, DNA damage, apoptosis recruitment, and cell cycle analysis were examined using MTT assay, comet assay, and fluorometric analysis. IC50 measured by GraphPad Prism software was used for anti-cancer analysis. To assess cell invasion, a scratch assay was performed. The quantitative changes in the expression of CCAT2, miR-218-5p, and MYC, GLI1 were evaluated by qRT-PCR.Results: The MTT assay showed the dose and time dependent attenuation of Caco-2 cells survival rate compared to the control. Comet assay demonstrated significant DNA damage in treated cells. The flow cytometry indicated cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and late apoptotic and necrotic cell increment. The scratch assay confirmed impaired migration, with markedly reduced wound closure in IC50 treated group. The qRT-PCR showed that in contrast to remarkable up-regulation of miRNA 218 (*p<0.05), the level of CCAT2 (*p<0.05), MYC (**p<0.01) and GLI1 (**p<0.01) was significantly diminished in Noscapine treated cells. Conclusion: Noscapine exhibited anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects in Caco-2 CRC cells, which are associated with altered expression of CCAT2, miR-218, MYC, and GLI1. https://www.ajmb.org/article_250468.html Background: Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander) contains abundant flavonoids and phenolic compounds that contribute substantially to its antioxidant capacity. These constituents exhibit strong free radical–scavenging activity, offering protection against cellular damage and premature skin aging, particularly under Ultraviolet (UV) exposure. This study evaluated the anti-aging effects of Coriander Seed Extract (CSE) in an in vitro UVB-induced photoaging model using human dermal fibroblasts (BJ cells). Methods: CSE was prepared through ethanol maceration. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the WST-8 assay. CSE was tested at concentrations ranging from 1.56 to 100 µg/ml. Hyaluronidase (HAase) protein levels were quantified using a human HAase ELISA kit. Gene expression of NF-κB and MMP-1 was analyzed using quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results: CSE concentrations up to 25 µg/ml exhibited no cytotoxic effects. Treatment with 25 µg/ml CSE significantly downregulated NF-κB and MMP-1 expression in UV-irradiated BJ cells compared with the untreated UV control. In addition, CSE reduced HAase protein levels, indicating improved preservation of the extracellular matrix and reduced hyaluronic acid degradation. Notably, the percentage of senescent cells decreased by nearly 50% compared with the UV-exposed group (p<0.05), restoring levels comparable to non-irradiated cells. Conclusion: Overall, CSE may exert anti-aging activity by modulating inflammatory pathways, preventing extracellular matrix breakdown, and limiting UV-induced cellular senescence in vitro. These findings suggest its potential for development as a natural active ingredient for anti-aging skincare formulations; however, further in vivo and clinical studies are required to confirm its safety and efficacy. https://www.ajmb.org/article_250472.html Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and associated long-term complications. Plant-based therapies possessing enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant properties have gained attention as complementary approaches for diabetes management. Macrothelypteris torresiana (M. torresiana) (Family: Thelypteridaceae) is a medicinal fern traditionally used in folklore medicine; however, its antidiabetic potential remains inadequately explored.Methods: The present study evaluated the antidiabetic activity of the ethanolic extract of M. torresiana using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. In vitro assays included α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, along with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) radical scavenging activity. The extract exhibited IC₅₀ values of 424.08 µg/ml (α-amylase), 238.30 µg/ml (α-glucosidase), and 662.16 µg/ml (H₂O₂ scavenging). In vivo studies were conducted in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague–Dawley rats treated with the extract for 28 days. Fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, and body weight were evaluated. One-way ANOVA and Dunnett's test were used as statistical analysis, and the findings were reported as mean ± SEM.Results: The extract demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes and significant antioxidant activity in vitro. In diabetic rats, treatment significantly (p<0.05) reduced fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels, while increasing serum insulin, HDL levels, and body weight compared to diabetic control. The observed effects were comparable to the standard drug Glibenclamide.Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that M. torresiana possesses significant antidiabetic activity, likely mediated through enzyme inhibition, antioxidant action, and improvement of metabolic disturbances. These results provide scientific support for the therapeutic potential of this fern as a natural candidate for the management of diabetes mellitus. However, further studies involving phytochemical standardization and molecular-level investigations are required to confirm its therapeutic potential. https://www.ajmb.org/article_250474.html Background: Mangrove-associated fungi are widely known due to their bioactivities, especially their antibacterial and lignocellulose-degrading enzymes activity. However, research on their bioactivity in Indonesia, particularly in Jepara Regency remain limited. This research aims to explore the antibacterial and wood-degrading enzymatic pro-perties from mangroves-associated fungi of Jepara, Indonesia. Methods: A total of 43 isolates were successfully collected from leaf and barks of Ex-coecaria agallocha, Acanthus ilicifolius, as well as Lumnitzera racemosa. Antibacterial screening against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was then conducted to all isolates, where 1 isolate was active against E. coli, 12 against S. aureus, and 5 isolates active against both pathogens. All active isolates were identified through microscopic observation.Results: Isolates with the most consistent inhibition zone, namely AB1, E2D2, E2B4, and LB10 continued to have metabolite extraction and antibacterial assay through disc-diffusion methods against the same 2 pathogens. Isolate E2B4 was able to produce the largest halo zone diameter measuring 22.28±1.59 mm at concentration of 50 mg/mL against S. aureus. Based on preliminary phytochemical screening, crude extract of E2B4 contains flavonoid and alkaloid as secondary metabolite. To search for further bioactivity, wood-degrading enzymatic assay was conducted, where the result showed that 6 isolates were actively produced cellulase, 1 laccase, 7 tannase, and 5 lignin peroxidase. DNA barcoding revealed that AB1, E2D2, and E2B4 isolates were identified as Phaeophleospora eucalypticola, Curvularia lunata, and Paraconiothyrium sp., respectively. Conclusion: Therefore, these findings highlight mangrove-associated fungi bio-activities potential through screening assay and provide critical information regarding the rarely studied Indonesian fungi.