en 2008-2835 2008-4625 276 5669 11181 gregorian >2026 >Jan-Mar 18 1 online 1 fulltext

en <div><span style="font-size:14px">In modern drug development, the distance between a promising laboratory finding and a therapy that reaches patients is vast. This chasm aptly termed the Valley of Death is where most scientific breakthroughs stall. Translational medicine, empowered by rapidly advancing biotechnologies, is redefining how we bridge that gap and ensuring that innovation does not end at the bench ^1,2.</span></div> <div><span style="font-size:14px">Biotechnology now offers sophisticated tools such as organ‑on‑a‑chip systems, high‑content imaging, and AI‑driven predictive modeling. These platforms allow researchers to anticipate human biological responses with unprecedented accuracy. By identifying failures earlier before costly clinical trials begin translational approaches prevent billions of dollars from being spent on drug candidates that were never destined to succeed ³.</span></div> <div><span style="font-size:14px">The traditional trajectory from discovery to clinical practice is notoriously slow. On average, only a small fraction of initial scientific insights become part of routine care, and the journey can take nearly two decades. Translational medicine challenges this inertia by creating integrated, multidisciplinary pathways that accelerate progress. The goal is simple yet profound: lifesaving therapies should not languish in academic journals or laboratory freezers^4-7.</span></div> <div><span style="font-size:14px"><strong>Precision Medicine: Where the Two Fields Converge</strong></span></div> <div><span style="font-size:14px">The most compelling expression of the biotechnology&ndash;translational medicine partnership is precision medicine. Biotechnology generates the raw data genomic sequences, proteomic profiles, and molecular signatures while translational medicine interprets these data to guide real clinical decisions. The result is a paradigm in which treatments are tailored not to the &ldquo;average&rdquo; patient, but to the individual.</span></div> <div><span style="font-size:14px">Yet this is also where many promising ideas falter. Scaling a therapeutic from concept to clinic requires extraordinary financial investment, and biological systems often behave unpredictably when moving from animal models to humans. The collaboration between biotech innovation and translational rigor is essential to overcoming these barriers ^4-7.</span></div> <div><span style="font-size:14px"><strong>Biomarkers: The Early Signals of Success</strong></span></div> <div><span style="font-size:14px">Biotechnology has revolutionized biomarker discovery, enabling the identification of measurable indicators that reflect disease states or therapeutic responses. Translational medicine then brings these biomarkers into clinical trials, allowing researchers to determine whether a drug is working long before symptoms change. This early insight can reshape trial design, reduce risk, and accelerate regulatory decision‑making ³.</span></div> <div><span style="font-size:14px"><strong>A Case Study in Synergy: mRNA Vaccines</strong></span></div> <div><span style="font-size:14px">The global rollout of COVID‑19 mRNA vaccines stands as a landmark example of what is possible when biotechnology and translational medicine operate in harmony.</span></div> <div><span style="font-size:14px">1. Basic science laid the foundation through decades of research on RNA biology and lipid nanoparticle delivery.</span></div> <div><span style="font-size:14px">2. Biotechnology enabled the scalable, rapid synthesis of stable mRNA constructs.</span></div> <div><span style="font-size:14px">3. Translational medicine designed and executed clinical trials at unprecedented speed, moving from bench to bedside in under a year.</span></div> <div><span style="font-size:14px">This achievement was not a scientific anomaly it was a demonstration of what coordinated innovation can accomplish ³.</span></div> <div><span style="font-size:14px"><strong>Emerging Trends Shaping the Future</strong></span></div> <div><span style="font-size:14px">Several developments are poised to further transform the landscape:</span></div> <div><span style="font-size:14px">&bull; AI‑driven drug discovery: Machine learning models can now predict molecular behavior in human systems before a compound is even synthesized.</span></div> <div><span style="font-size:14px">&bull; Liquid biopsies: Detecting tumor DNA through a simple blood draw is bringing earlier, less invasive cancer diagnostics into clinical reality.</span></div> <div><span style="font-size:14px">&bull; mRNA therapeutics beyond infectious disease: Personalized mRNA vaccines for melanoma and other cancers are already entering clinical pipelines.</span></div> <div><span style="font-size:14px">These trends highlight a future in which biotechnology provides increasingly powerful tools, and translational medicine ensures they reach patients swiftly and safely³.</span></div> <div><span style="font-size:14px"><strong>Conclusion</strong></span></div> <div><span style="font-size:14px">Biotechnology gives us the alphabet the fundamental building blocks of biological insight. Translational medicine turns those letters into a narrative that ends with improved health and saved lives. The partnership between these fields is not merely beneficial; it is essential for transforming scientific discovery into meaningful clinical impact.</span></div> 1 2 https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=70642 https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/70642.pdf LadanKashaniInfertility Ward, Arash Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran92037ShahinAkhondzadeh739

en <p>Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have profoundly transformed the field of genome editing, particularly through integration with the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) technology. This review highlights how AI-driven computational models are reshaping guide RNA (gRNA) design, off-target prediction, and editing precision in CRISPR&ndash;Cas systems. A PRISMA-informed literature survey was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases to identify studies exploring AI-assisted CRISPR applications in gene therapy and biomedical research. The results demonstrate that deep learning, machine learning, and reinforcement learning approaches significantly enhance prediction accuracy, algorithmic efficiency, and translational potential across genetic diseases such as &beta;-thalassemia, muscular dystrophy, and cancer. Moreover, ethical challenges, algorithmic bias, and data security concerns remain critical barriers to clinical adoption. This review also discusses the emerging landscape of AI-assisted CRISPR research in Iran, emphasizing national progress, infrastructural constraints, and future opportunities. Overall, the convergence of AI and CRISPR technologies promises to advance precision medicine by accelerating the development of personalized, efficient, and ethically responsible genome-editing solutions.</p> Artificial intelligence, CRISPR-Cas systems, Gene editing, Machine learning, Precision medicine 3 15 https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=70633 https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/70633.pdf MahdiYousefian92436MaryamBaharmastDepartment of Advanced Technologies, TeMS.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran92437

en <p>Solid Organ Transplantation (SOT) has evolved from being an experimental procedure to a well-established therapeutic option for patients with end-stage organ failure. Among the most prevalent types of transplantation are liver, kidney, and pancreas transplants. Progress in surgical techniques and organ procurement has led to a decrease in complications, such as ischemic injury. Nevertheless, immune-mediated graft rejection continues to pose a significant challenge. The purpose of this review is to underscore the significance of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) in the outcomes of SOT, particularly its critical role in donor&ndash;recipient matching, the risk of rejection, and the long-term survival of grafts. A comprehensive review of the relevant literature concerning the relationship between HLA and SOT was conducted, focusing on the function of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules, HLA typing, and the effects of HLA diversity on organ matching and clinical results. HLA typing serves as a fundamental element in assessing donor&ndash;recipient compatibility and minimizing the chances of graft rejection. The extensive polymorphism of HLA alleles, along with the existence of donor-specific anti-bodies, complicates the matching process, influences waiting periods, and impacts graft prognosis. Modulating HLA-mediated immune responses has the potential to enhance graft stability in liver, kidney, and pancreas transplantation. HLA molecules are crucial to the success of SOT. Ongoing clinical trials investigating novel immunosuppressive agents and HLA-targeted strategies may improve rejection management and long-term transplant outcomes. This review highlights the critical importance of HLA in liver, kidney, and pancreas transplantation.</p> HLA antigens, Kidney, Liver, Pancreas, Solid organ transplantation 16 31 https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=70634 https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/70634.pdf EdalatZareiShiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran92438JamshidRoozbehShiraz Nephro-Urology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran92439Hamed Nikoupour DeylamiShiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran92440SamanNikeghbalianShiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran92441MahbubeAhramiShiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran92442FarukhruziNasrollozodaNational Scientific Center for Human Organs and Tissues Transplantation, State Medical University, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, Tajikistan 92443AhmadHashemzehiDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran92444MasoudHashemzaei92445

en <p>Significant advances in neuroscience have improved the ability of physicians to diagnose and manage neurological and psychiatric disorders in patients. The use of neuroscience evidence in criminal trials in developed countries has increased significantly in the last two decades. This rapid increase has raised questions among the legal and scientific communities about the effects that these technologies can have on judicial decision-makers. The role of neuroscience in criminal liability is a topic that has been discussed in recent years. The purpose of this article is to review the use of neuroscience evidence in the criminal justice system, as well as current research examining the effects of neuroscience evidence on judicial decision-makers in criminal cases. This review is warranted given legal and scientific concerns about the impact of potential bias. The present study was conducted and analyzed using a documentary method and with reference to research published in the last four years. Some argue that neuroscience is irrelevant in the criminal court, while others believe that it can help prove the lack of control of behavior by many criminals. However, the truth is likely somewhere in between, as certain types of neuroscience evidence may be useful and relevant in criminal trials. This article describes recent advances in neuroscience in the fields of functional neuroimaging and artificial intelligence &quot;deep learning&quot; algorithms, and examines the legal and ethical challenges and potential benefits and drawbacks</p> Algorithms, Artificial intelligence, Criminal law, Deep learning, Developed countries, Criminals, Mental disorders, Functional neuroimaging 32 38 https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=70635 https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/70635.pdf HassanBakhtiaryDepertment of Neurosciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran92446ShahriarEslamitabarDepartment of Health Law, Smart University of Medical Sciences (SMUMS), Tehran, Iran92447ShirinShirazianDepartment of Law, Sciences and Researches Branches of Azad University, Tehran, Iran92448EhsanLame92449

en <p>Background: This study highlights the significance of using Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) Protein A (SpA) for antibody purification. Methods: The gene encoding Protein A was isolated from S. aureus and cloned into the pET-28a vector. Following transformation into Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21, recombinant Protein A was expressed and purified using a nickel affinity resin. Results: The recombinant expression of protein A produced a yield of 50 mg/L, indicating a substantial production efficiency. The characterization of the recombinant protein through various ELISA tests confirmed its binding affinity to antibodies. Subsequently, the recombinant Protein A was immobilized on two different matrices: activated Sepharose 4B and amine-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. Conclusion: The immobilization on magnetic nanoparticles presents a versatile alternative, offering the advantages of rapid separation, high surface area, and ease of handling. Magnetic nanoparticles facilitate automation and reduce processing time, making them particularly attractive for clinical and industrial applications. These immobilized forms were used to efficiently purify serum IgG, demonstrating the potential of Protein A as an effective tool for antibody isolation in biotechnological applications.</p> 8-OHdG, CASP3, Collagen, Curcuma, TIMP1 39 47 https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=70636 https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/70636.pdf MahboobehNazari11474ZahraSalimzadehMonoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran92450Amir-HassanZarnaniReproductive Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran7RoyaGhodsDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran8RaminGhahremanzadehNanobiotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran11379

en <p>Background: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation poses a significant health risk, particularly in high-exposure regions including Indonesia, contributing to more than 1.5 million UV-related Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) globally due to its involvement in photoaging, skin cancers, and chronic inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract (CXE) mitigating effects against UV-induced damage in human dermal fibroblasts (BJ cells) by assessing gene expression, protein integrity, DNA damage, and collagen levels. Methods: BJ fibroblasts were irradiated to UV radiation and given CXE at 3.13&ndash;12.5 &micro;g/ml concentrations. TIMP1 and CASP3 gene expression were analyzed via qRT-PCR, while total protein, 8-hydroxy-2&prime;-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and collagen content were measured using ELISA. Results: CXE treatment significantly upregulated TIMP1 and downregulated CASP3 expression in a concentration-dependent manner, with the strongest effects showed at 12.5 &micro;g/ml (p&lt;0.05). At the same concentration, CXE significantly restored total protein levels, reduced 8-OHdG accumulation, and preserved collagen content compared with the UV-induced control (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest CXE exerts reparative effects against UV-induced photoaging through antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and Extracellular Matrix (ECM) preserving mechanisms, supporting its potential as a botanical anti-aging therapy.</p> 8-OHdG, CASP3, Collagen, Curcuma, TIMP1 48 54 https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=70637 https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/70637.pdf WahyuWidowati92419MeilinahHidayatFaculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia92452RitaTjokropranotoFaculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, Indonesia92453DwiNur Triharsiwi Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Bandung, Indonesia92454HannaSari Widya KusumaBiomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Bandung, Indonesia92144

en <p>Background: SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that has caused dramatic loss of life and poses an unprecedented public health challenge worldwide. The nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 is the most abundant viral protein and a potent immunogen. Methods: In the current study, the N gene of SARS-CoV-2 was amplified from RNA extracted from a COVID-19 positive patient and then cloned into the pCold-I expression vector. The full-length His-tagged N protein was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) using 0.5 mM IPTG and subsequently purified by nickel affinity chromatography. The purified N protein was characterized using sodium dodecyl sulfate&ndash;polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting. Furthermore, the purified N protein was applied in SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM ELISA immunoassays. Results: The results showed that purification of the N protein in the presence of urea yielded a protein band of approximately 48 kDa on SDS-PAGE, corresponding to the full-length N protein. Additionally, Western blot analysis of the purified recombinant N protein showed a band of the same molecular weight. In the SARS-CoV-2 IgG ELISA assay, anti-N protein antibodies from a COVID-19 positive patient&rsquo;s serum successfully recognized the coated N protein. In the IgM ELISA test, an N-HRP conjugate was used in ELISA wells to reveal the interaction of HRP-conjugated N protein with pre-coated anti-N protein antibodies (IgM isotype). Conclusion: These results indicate that the expressed N protein of SARS-CoV-2 could serve as a valuable reagent for the development of antibody-based immunoassays to detect SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies.</p> ELISA, Nucleocapsid (N) protein, Recombinant protein expression, SARS-CoV-2, Serological diagnosis 55 60 https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=70638 https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/70638.pdf SaeidehZamani KoukhalooMonoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR), Tehran, Iran92456FarshidMoosaviMonoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR), Tehran, Iran92369BaharehZamaniMonoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR), Tehran, Iran92367NiloofarAgharezaeeMonoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR), Tehran, Iran92368ParisaYousefiMonoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR), Tehran, Iran92371MahboobehNazari11474JafarMahmoudian114

en <h2><span style="font-size:13pt"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Background:</span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt">&nbsp;Sophoraflavanone G, SG, is a flavonoid compound found in&nbsp;Sophora<em> </em>species with various biological properties, including antibacterial, anticancer, antibiofilm activities. However, this compound shows limited solubility in water, which reduces its bioavailability and hinders its practical application. To overcome this barrier, SG nano-niosomal form was prepared.</span></span></h2> <h2><span style="font-size:13pt"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Methods:</span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt">&nbsp;In the current study, a&nbsp;nano-niosomal&nbsp;form of SG was prepared using cholesterol (Chol) and Tween 20. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities were assessed by disc and well diffusion and biofilm assays, respectively, while anticancer specificity was evaluated by MTT on KB and L929 cell lines.</span></span></h2> <h2><span style="font-size:13pt"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Results:</span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt">&nbsp;Disc and well diffusion assays showed a reduction in planktonic antibacterial activity of niosomal SG compared with free SG, whereas biofilm assays improved antibiofilm effects; MTT assays indicated reduced cytotoxicity toward L929 cells with retained activity against KB cancer cells, suggesting improved anticancer specificity.</span></span></h2> <h2><span style="font-size:13pt"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Conclusion:</span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt">&nbsp;While niosomal formulation decreased SG&rsquo;s activity against planktonic bacteria, it enhanced antibiofilm effects and improved anticancer specificity by reducing toxicity to normal cells, making niosomal SG a promising candidate for cancer-directed therapeutic applications despite limited antimicrobial gains.</span></span></h2> Antibacterial agents, Anticancer agents, Anti-infective agents, Niosomes, Sophoraflavanone G 61 68 https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=70639 https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/70639.pdf ManouchehrTeymouriDepartment of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran92461ReyhanehKhayyerDepartment of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran92462MiladIranshahyDepartment of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran92463RezaSalariniaDepartment of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran61660ParastooZarghami MoghaddamNatural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran92465AmenehMohammdiNatural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran92466ToktamMemarianiSchool of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Science, Bojnurd, Iran92467SamanehMollazadeh 92468

en <p>Background: Prostate cancer, is the second most prevalent malignant tumor and fifth leading cause of cancer-related death among men worldwide. Patients suffer from adverse side effects and low efficacy of traditional therapeutic approaches. At present, cancer-targeted therapy is a fascinating strategy of cancer therapy re-search <em>via</em> employing immunotoxins, which is a fusion of a targeting molecule and a killer toxin that can recognize a specific antigen on cancerous cells and trigger cell death. Methods: This study used a prostate-specific scFv and a truncated version of Pseudomonas-exotoxin to design a novel immunotoxin. After the construct design, the construct&#39;s secondary structure, physicochemical features, and allergenicity were predicted by SOPMA, Protparam, and AllergenFP, respectively. Then, the 3D structure was built <em>via</em> ITASSER. ProSa-web and PROCHECK were used for structure validation. The 3D model was docked by Cluspro, and molecular dynamics was carried out by GROMACS. Results: the results showed that the average RMSF value for the PSMA receptor was 0.478 &Aring;, and for the designed toxin was 0.292 &Aring;. The low range of changes in-dicates the stability of the complex during the simulation. Conclusion: The present results indicate that the designed immunotoxin is structurally stable, non-allergenic, and capable of binding PSMA, suggesting it as a potential candidate for further experimental evaluation.</p> Allergens, Cell, Death, Immunotoxins, Molecular dynamics simulation, Prostate, Prostatic neoplasms, Pseudomonas 69 78 https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=70640 https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/70640.pdf SadafAzdoo Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran92470Mortaza Taheri-AnganehCellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran91831KhadijehAhmadiDepartment of Medical Biotechnology, School of Paramedicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran92472AbdolkarimGhadimi Moghadam Pediatric Infectious Ward, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran92473AhmadMovahedpour91828AliJamshidi 92475

en <p>Background: Numerous research endeavors have reported altered expression of Scinderin (SCIN) in various cancer types. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) represent the most prevalent form of genetic variation within the human genome which can have significant functional consequences, including cancer predisposition. Methods: This study investigated SNP-induced structural alterations in the SCIN protein and their potential effects on stability and function, using in vitro and in silico approaches. Integrating experimental and computational data provides in-sight into the role of this variant in tumorigenesis and highlights its potential as a molecular biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Results: Out of 1,054 nonsynonymous SNPs (nsSNPs), 11 were consistently predicted to be deleterious. Among them, rs376349889 (R511G) was associated with decreased protein stability, loss of ADP-ribosylation at R511, disrupted ionic interactions, and increased hydrophobicity, all of which may impair SCIN function. Subsequently, genotyping of 200 colorectal cancer and 200 gastric cancer samples for the rs376349889 SNP was performed using High-Resolution Melting (HRM) technique in compared to a matched control group. Conclusion: The findings revealed a considerable difference in the allelic prevalence of the rs376349889 SNP between cancer patients and control samples. Notably, the GG genotype was linked to a higher susceptibility to both gastric and colorectal cancers (p&lt;0.0001). These results suggest that rs376349889 may influence SCIN-related oncogenic mechanisms and could serve as a promising biomarker for identifying or evaluating the risk of gastrointestinal cancers at an early stage.</p> Biomarkers, Colorectal neoplasm, Gastric neoplasm, Scinderin, Single nucleotide polymorphism 79 93 https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=70641 https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/70641.pdf NedaVaghefinezhadDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran92476MansourehAzadehZist-Fanavari Novin Biotechnology Institute, Isfahan, Iran92477MajidTafrihi92107AbasaltHosseinzadeh ColagarDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran92106