Appropriate Scaffold Selection for CNS Tissue Engineering

en 33014312 Appropriate Scaffold Selection for CNS Tissue Engineering Cellular transplantation, due to the low regenerative capacity of the Central Nervous System (CNS), is one of the promising strategies in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. The design and application of scaffolds mimicking the CNS extracellular matrix features (biochemical, bioelectrical, and biomechanical), which affect the cellular fate, are important to achieve proper efficiency in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation as well as integration with the surrounding tissue. Different studies on natural materials demonstrated that hydrogels made from natural materials mimic the extracellular matrix and supply microenvironment for cell adhesion and proliferation. The design and development of cellular microstructures suitable for neural tissue engineering purposes require a comprehensive knowledge of neuroscience, cell biology, nanotechnology, polymers, mechanobiology, and biochemistry. In this review, an attempt was made to investigate this multidisciplinary field and its multifactorial effects on the CNS microenvironment. Many strategies have been used to simulate extrinsic cues, which can improve cellular behavior toward neural lineage. In this study, parallel and align, soft and injectable, conductive, and bioprinting scaffolds were reviewed which have indicated some successes in the field. Among different systems, three-Dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a powerful, highly modifiable, and highly precise strategy, which has a high architectural similarity to tissue structure and is able to construct controllable tissue models. 3D bioprinting scaffolds induce cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation and promote the diffusion of nutrients. This method provides exceptional versatility in cell positioning that is very suitable for the complex Extracellular Matrix (ECM) of the nervous system. Bioprinting, Cell differentiation, Extracellular matrix, Neurodegenerative diseases, Tissue engineering 203 220 https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=30426 https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/30426.pdf AkramShafieeNanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran51648HanieAhmadiDepartment of Polymer Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran51649BehnazTaheriDepartment of Stem Cell Biology, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran51650SimzarHosseinzadehFaculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran51651YousefFatahiNanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran51652MasoudSoleimaniDepartment of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modaress University, Tehran, Iran221FatemehAtyabiNanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran51654RassoulDinarvandNanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran11381

en 33014313 Antibiofilm Activity of Kefir Probiotic Lactobacilli Against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) Background: Inhibition of biofilm formation is essential for the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infection. This study was aimed to identify the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus strains isolated from kefir and evaluate their antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC).  Methods: Twelve Lactobacillus strains were evaluated. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of Cell Free Supernatant (CFS) of the Lactobacillus strains against UPEC isolates were evaluated by agar well diffusion method and crystal violet assay, respectively. Probiotic potential of selected isolates was assessed by analyzing their tolerance to acidic pH and bile salts, auto-aggregation ability, co-aggregation with Escherichia coli (E. coli) and hemolytic activity. The isolates were identified by phenotypic and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results:  The CFS of all lactobacilli strains was able to inhibit UPEC isolates even after neutralization. Four out of 12 isolates inhibited the biofilm formation by UPEC in the range 62-75%. The viability under acidic condition varied among the isolates ranging from 6-89.8%. All the isolates could tolerate the 0.3% bile and eight isolates showed the adaptation time of less than 1 hr. All the strains exhibited co-aggregation with E. coli. Auto-aggregation was highly correlated with co-aggregation of all lactobacilli strains with E. coli (r=0.889, p<0.001). The isolates with satisfactory probiotic potential and higher ability of biofilm inhibition and antibacterial activity belonged to the species Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus paracasei. Conclusion: All four selected probiotic strains exhibited antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities, which suggest potential applications for controlling or preventing infections caused by UPEC. Kefir, Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Probiotics, Urinary tract infection, Uropathogenic E. coli 221 229 https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=30427 https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/30427.pdf MaryamGhane51645LalehBabaeekhouDepartment of Biology, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran51646Seyedeh SepidehKetabiDepartment of Biology, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran51647

en 33014314 Removal of Cefixime from Water Using Rice Starch by Response Surface Methodology Background: Remaining pharmaceutical compounds cause environmental pollution. Therefore, refining these compounds has become a major challenge. In this study, the function of eliminating Cefixime (CFX) using rice starch was evaluated under controlled conditions. Methods: Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to design, analyze, and optimize experiments, and the interaction between four variables including pH (3-9), rice starch dose (0–300 mg/L), CFX initial concentration (0–16 mg/L) and time (20–120 min) was investigated on CFX removal. Results: The optimum pH, starch dose, initial concentration and time were 4.5, 225 mg/L, 7.9 mg/L and 95 min, respectively. The maximum efficiency of CFX removal was 70.22%. According to RSM, this study follows a quadratic model (R2=0.954). Conclusion: Rice starch has been successful in removing CFX from the aqueous solution. Therefore, it is recommended to utilize this process to remove CFX from aqueous solutions. Cefixime, Response surface methodology (RSM), Rice starch 230 235 https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=30434 https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/30434.pdf Fatemeh SadatTabatabaeiDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran51637MahdiAsadi-Ghalhari 51638RahimAaliDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran51639FatemehMohammadiDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran51640RoqiyehMostafalooDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran51641RezvanehEsmaeiliDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran51642ZohrehDavarparastDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran51643ZahraSafariDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran51644

en 33014315 Screening PAX9, MSX1 and WNT10A Mutations in 4 Iranian Families with Non-Syndromic Tooth Agenesis Background: Tooth agenesis is one of the most common developmental anomalies in human and the main reasons for its occurrence are still unknown. Mutations of several genes such as PAX9, MSX1, AXIN2, KDF1 and WNT10A have been reported which are associated with non-syndromic tooth agenesis. However, PAX9, MSX1 and WNT10A are commonly reported in the literature. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the mutations of these genes in 4 Iranian families with non-syndromic tooth agenesis. Methods: DNA extractions from peripheral blood cells of patients with non-syndromic tooth agenesis from 4 unrelated Iranian families were performed by salting out method, and the candidate genes were amplified then followed by Sanger sequencing method. Results: One missense variant (rs4904210) and 4 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs2236007, rs12883298, rs12882923 and rs12883049) were found in PAX9 gene. Five variants (rs149370601, rs8670, rs186861426 and rs774949973) including a missense variant (rs36059701) were detected in MSX1 gene and no variants were found in WNT10A gene. Conclusion: All variants were analyzed based on bioinformatics websites and Iranian gene databases, and as a result, it was revealed that variants of PAX9, MSX1 and WNT10A may not play a role in non-syndromic tooth agenesis among Iranian cases. Iran, MSX1, Mutation, PAX9, Tooth agenesis, WNT10A 236 240 https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=30435 https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/30435.pdf ShivaSafari, Tehran, Iran51633AsgharEbadifarDepartment of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahid Behehsti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran891HossienNajmabadiGenetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Tehran, Iran51634KooroshKamaliDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran89Seyedeh SedighehAbediniGenetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Tehran, Iran51635

en 33014316 Pharmacokinetic Effect of MDR Gene Polymorphism rs2032582 on the Therapeutic Response in Iraqi Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Background: The main problem in treatment of leukemia patients is the chemotherapy resistance which is a main concern in recent years. The cause of chemotherapy drug resistance is related to MDR gene which is located on chromosome 7 (7q21-31) and it is mainly connected with energy-dependent efflux (P-glycoprotein). This study was conducted to assess the correlation between MDR polymorphism and chemotherapy efficiency with Vincristine in a sample of Iraqi Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients. Methods: The blood sample of 200 AML patients and 200 controls were collected and the frequency of rs2032582 was calculated through sequencing and then the role of different genetic patterns was evaluated on cancer cells by MTT assay. Results: The results indicate that GG and TT genotypes (20 and 20.5% from total patients count) are more frequent in Iraqi AML patients than other genetic patterns in MDR gene and also the genotype TA is more sensitive to Vincristine chemotherapy than other genotypes. Conclusion: It seems that genetic pattern is the main factor in determination of chemotherapy of AML patients, and patients should not undergo chemotherapy with such drugs, especially Vincristine. Acute myeloid leukemia, Genetic, MDR gene, Polymorphism, Vincristine 241 245 https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=30436 https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/30436.pdf Rafid AAbdulkareemInstitute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology for Post Graduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq51629TamadherAbbas RafaaUniversity of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq51630HamsaAhmed JasimInstitute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology for Post Graduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq51631AhmedAbdul Jabbar Suleiman51632

en 33014317 Effective Anti-SARS-CoV-2 RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase Drugs Based on Docking Methods : The Case of Milbemycin, Ivermectin, and Baloxavir Marboxil Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new virus with a global pandemic. Yet, no vaccine or efficient treatments are found against the disease. The viral RNA dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRP) is a suitable target for developing antiviral agents. SARS-CoV-2 RdRP was employed to test its binding activity with some drugs. Methods: Using some docking methods, RdRP was targeted by Milbemycins (MMs), Ivermectin (IMT), Baloxavir Marboxil (BM), and Tadalafil (TF), a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor. Results: MM-A3 5-oxime (MMA35O), MM-A3 (MMA3), MM-A4 5-oxime (MMA45O), IMT, BM, and TF showed the highest binding affinity to RdRp. Conclusion: The drugs used in the present computational investigation are effective against the SARS-CoV-2 RdRP with high affinity values especially, milbemycins, ivermectin, and Baloxavir marboxil, which could further be studied in laboratory and clinical trials for saving millions of lives around the world. Baloxavir, COVID-19, Ivermectin, Tadalafil 246 250 https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=30438 https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/30438.pdf Ali Hassan Daghir Janabi41639

en 33014318 Application of Electrospray in Preparing Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Optimization of Nanoparticles Using Artificial Neural Networks Background: Electrospray (Electrohydrodynamic atomization) has been introduced as a novel approach to prepare nanoparticles. This work aimed to prepare SLNs through electrospray and evaluate factors affecting particle size of prepared Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs). Methods: SLNs were prepared by electrospray method. To study the factors affecting particle size of SLNs, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) were employed. Four input variables, namely, Tween 80 concentration, lipid concentration, flow rate, and polymer to lipid ratio were analyzed through ANNs and particle size was the output. Results: The analyzed model presented concentration of Tween 80 (surfactant) and lipid as effective parameters on particle size. By increasing surfactant and decreasing lipid concentration, minimum size could be obtained, while flow rate and polymer to lipid ratio appeared not to be effective. Conclusion: Concentration of surfactant/lipid plays the most important role in determining the size. Nanoparticles, Neural networks, Particle size , Polymers 251 254 https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=30439 https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/30439.pdf ElahehShanaghiDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran41633MahdiAghajaniDepartment of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran41634FaribaEsmaeliDepartment of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran41635Mohammad AliFaramarziDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran41636HodaJahandarPharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran41637AmirAmaniMedical Biomaterials Research Center (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran41638

en 33014319 Nanoformulation-Based Antiviral Combination Therapy for Treatment of COVID-19 255 256 https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=30440 https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/30440.pdf HodaKeshmiri NeghabInstitute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran41629Seyedeh SaraAzadehDepartment of Biology, Science and Research branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran41630Mohammad HasanSoheilifarDepartment of Medical Laser, Medical Laser Research Center, Yara Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran41631FaribaDashtestani41632