en 38605736 <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Background:</span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> The aim of this study was to determination of Anti-Quorum Sensing (AQS) and anti-biofilm potential of the methanol extract of ginger (<em>Zingiber officinale</em>) rhizomes against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of <em><span style="background-color:white"><span style="color:black">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span></span></em><em> </em>(<em>P. aeruginosa</em>). </span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Methods:</span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> The AQS activity of ginger was determined against <em>Chromobacterium violaceum</em> (<em>C. violaceum</em>) ATCC 12472 (CV12472), a biosensor strain, in qualitative manner using the agar well diffusion method. The violacein pigment inhibition was assessed to confirm AQS activity of ginger. The AQS potential of sub-minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (sub-MICs) of the ginger extract was determined by targeting different QS regulated virulence factors, including swarming motility (using swarm diameter measurement method), pyocyanin pigment (using chloroform extraction method), Exopolysaccharide (EPS) (using phenol-sulphuric acid method), and biofilm formation (using microtiter plate assay), against clinical isolates (CIs 2, 3, and 4) and standard reference strain of <em>P. aeruginosa </em>(PA01).</span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Results:</span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> The AQS activity of methanol extract of ginger was confirmed against <em>C. violaceum</em> (CV12472) as inhibition of violacein pigment formation without effecting the growth of CIs and PA01 of <em>P. aeruginosa</em>. The ginger extract exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of virulence factors and biofilm formation. The maximum reduction was found in swarming motility, pyocyanin, EPS and biofilm formation against PA01 (51.38%), CI3 (57.91%), PA01 (63.29%) and CI2 (64.37%), respectively at 1/2 MIC of ginger extract. </span></span></p> <p style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:11pt"><strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Conclusion:</span></strong><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> The results of present study revealed the effective AQS and anti-biofilm potential of <em>Zingiber officinale</em> rhizome methanol extract at a reduced dose (sub-MICs). The extract may be explored <span style="color:black">as an agent of antimicrobial compounds having AQS and anti-biofilm activity for controlling microbial infection </span>and also for reducing the chances of emergence of resistance in <em>P. aeruginosa. </em>&nbsp;</span></span></p> Chromobacterium violaceum, Ginger, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pyocyanin, Rhizome 49 56 https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=60566 https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/60566.pdf PankajKumar Sagar Department of Microbiology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi-284128, Uttar Pradesh, India92136PoonamSharma Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University (A Central University), Amarkantak-484886 , Madhya Pradesh, India92137RambirSingh92138