en 29849987 <p>Background: Proinflammatory cytokines have been known to be elevated in patients with Chronic Heart Failure (CHF). Given the importance of proinflammatory cytokines in the context of the failing heart, the prevalence of Tumor Necrosis Factor-&alpha; (TNF-&alpha;), Interleukin (IL)-6 polymorphisms in patients with CHF was studied due to ischemic heart disease.<br /> Methods: Forty three patients with ischemic heart failure were enrolled in this study and compared with 140 healthy individuals. The allele and genotype frequency of four Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) within the IL-6 (-174, nt565) and TNF-&alpha; (-308, -238) genes were determined, using Polymerase Chain Reaction with Sequence-Specific Primers (PCR-SSP) assay.<br /> Results: The frequency of the TNF-&alpha; (-238) A/A genotype was significantly higher in patients comparing to controls (p=0.043), while TNF-&alpha; G/A genotype at the same position decreased significantly, in comparison with controls (p=0.018). The most frequent haplotype for TNF-&alpha; was A/A in the patient group in comparison with controls (p=0.003). There was no significant difference in allele and genotype frequencies of IL-6 at positions -174 and nt565, and TNF-&alpha; at position -308.<br /> Conclusion: Certain alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes in TNF-&alpha;, but not IL-6, gene were overrepresented in patients with ischemic heart failure, which may, in turn, predispose individuals to this disease.</p> Genes, Heart failure, Interleukin-6, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha 105 109 https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=309 https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/309.pdf MonaHedayatNetwork of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Boston, MA, USA1229Mohammad JafarMahmoudiDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran1230MohammadTaghvaeiMolecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran1231EbrahimNematipourTehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran1232ElhamFarhadiHematology Department, Faculty of Allied Medical Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran1057NilufarEsfahanianMolecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran1233MaryamMahmoudiDietitian and Nutrition Experts Team (DiNET), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran1234MaryamSadrMolecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran1235KeramatNourijelyaniDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran1236Ali AkbarAmirzargarMolecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran179NimaRezaeiMedical Genetics Network (MeGeNe), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran186