en 30800240 <p>Background: The present study assessed the alteration of gene expression during transdifferentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (BMSCs) into oligodendrocyte in the presence of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF).<br /> Methods: BMSCs were collected from female Sprague-Dawley rats and were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with Retinoic Acid (RA), basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF), and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF). CSF was added daily to the culture media. The oligoprogenitor and oligodendrocyte generation was assessed by immunocytochemistry for Oligo 2, A2B5, CNP and MBP markers.&nbsp;<br /> Results: The mean percentages of immunopositive cells for Olig2 and A2B5 were 52.1&plusmn;1.74 and 56.34&plusmn;2.55%, respectively. The number of immunopositive cells for glial markers CNP and MBP were 48.8&plusmn;3.12 and 40.5&plusmn;8.92%, respectively. Alteration of gene expression of Oct4, Olig 2, PDGFR-&alpha; and PLP were examined by real time PCR during transdifferentiation of BMSC to oligodendrocyte. Immunocytochemical results indicate that oligoprogenitor cells were immunopositive for Oligo2 and A2B5 markers. Also, oligodendrocytes expressed the mature glial markers of CNP and MBP indicating successful differentiation.&nbsp;<br /> Conclusion: In conclusion, CSF promotes the transdifferentiation of BMSC into mature oligodendrocyte via providing an appropriate niche for glial maturation.&nbsp;</p> Bone marrow stromal cells, Cells, Cerebrospinal fluid, Oligodendrocyte, Oligoprogenitor 28 34 https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=10345 https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/10345.pdf HatefGhasemi HamidabadiImmunogenetic Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran11360MaryamNazm BojnordiImmunogenetic Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran11361NourollahRezaeiImmunogenetic Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran11362SaraSoleimaniDepartment of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran11363