en 30090212 <p>Background: Inflammatory cytokines have been known to be associated with Chronic Heart Failure (CHF). Given the importance of cytokines in the context of the failing heart, the prevalence of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Interferon-gamma (IFN-&gamma;) polymorphisms was studied in patients with CHF due to ischemic heart disease in a case-control study.<br /> Methods: Fifty-six Iranian patients with CHF were enrolled in this study as the case group and compared with 139 healthy subjects, using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers method, so as to determine the frequency of alleles, genotypes and haplotypes of <em>IFN-&gamma;</em> (+874 A/T) and <em>IL-2</em> (-330 G/T, +166 G/T) SNPs.&nbsp;<br /> Results: The GG genotype at <em>IL-2</em> -330 in patients with CHF was significantly overrepresented in comparison with the control group (p=0.013). Such a positive genotypic association was also observed for <em>IL-2</em> +166/TT (p=0.022). Meanwhile, the GT genotype frequency at <em>IL-2</em> -330/GT in the patient group was significantly lower than the one in healthy controls (p=0.049). No significant association was detected between the <em>IFN-&gamma;</em> gene polymorphisms and individuals&rsquo; susceptibility to CHF.<br /> Conclusion: Certain genotypes in <em>IL-2</em> gene were overrepresented in patients with CHF, which could render individuals more vulnerable to this disease.</p> Heart failure, Interferon-gamma, Interleukin-2, Single-nucleotide polymorphism 173 177 https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=10343 https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/10343.pdf Mohammad JafarMahmoudiDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran1230SaraHarsiniMolecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran11356ElhamFarhadiDepartment of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medical Science, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran1057MonaHedayatDivision of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA1229MohammadTaghvaeiMolecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran1231MaryamMahmoudiFaculty of Nutrition and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran1234MaryamSadrMolecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran1235NilufarEsfahanianMolecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran1233EbrahimNematipourTehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran1232KeramatNourijelyaniDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran1236Ali AkbarAmirzargarDepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran179NimaRezaeiNetwork of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran, Iran186