Avicenna J Med Biotech

arij002

Avicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology

2008-2835 2008-4625

Avicenna Research Institute

ajmb70626

Antiplasmodial Activity of Green-Synthesized MgO Nanoparticles Using Achillea millefolium Against Chloroquine-Resistant and-Sensitive Plasmodium falciparum

Khamsehpour

Niloufar

Hanifian

Haleh

Nateghpour

Mehdi

Raeisi

Ahmad

Shabani

Mohammad

Khezri

Aram

Dehdast

Seyed Ahmad

Farivar

Leila

Shahsavari

Saeed

Hassanpour

Gholamreza

17 4 249 257 16 2 2025 30 8 2025

Background: Resistance to antimalarial medications, particularly in Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum), has emerged as a significant challenge, highlighting the need for innovative therapeutic strategies. Green-synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) represent a promising approach to therapeutic interventions. This study presents one of the first detailed evaluations of green-synthesized MgO NPs derived from Achillea millefolium (A. millefolium) against both chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (K1) P. falciparum strains. Methods: In this study, MgO NPs were biosynthesized using A. millefolium extracts with varying solvent ratios. The nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR, FESEM, and DLS techniques. Cytotoxicity was assessed via MTT and hemolysis assays. Their antiplasmodial efficacy was evaluated in vitro against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and -resistant (K1) P. falciparum strains. Results: The synthesized MgO NPs displayed quasi-spherical morphology and nanoscale size. Among tested formulations, the most effective showed IC₅₀ values of 0.17 mg/ml for the 3D7 strain and 0.76 mg/ml for the K1 strain, indicating significant antiplasmodial activity. Conclusion: Green-synthesized MgO NPs using A. millefolium demonstrated potent antiplasmodial activity at low IC₅₀ concentrations, showing efficacy against both chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant P. falciparum strains. These findings highlight their promise as plant-based nanotherapeutics for malaria treatment.