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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Avicenna J Med Biotech</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">arij002</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Avicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">2008-2835</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2008-4625</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Avicenna Research Institute</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>

    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ajmb10364</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi"></article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="pmid"></article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
             <subject></subject> 
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group>
            <subject></subject>
        </subj-group> 
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns and Prevalence of Some Extended Spectrum  Beta-Lactamases Genes in Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Patients Infected with Urinary Tract Infections in Al-Najaf City, Iraq </article-title>
      </title-group>
        <contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Majeed</surname><given-names>Heba Takleef</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jaloob Aljanaby</surname><given-names>Ahmed Abduljabbar</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <day></day>
        <month></month>
        <year></year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day></day>
        <month></month>
        <year></year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>11</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>192</fpage>
      <lpage>201</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>1</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>3</month>
          <year>2018</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <abstract>
      <p>
      &lt;p&gt;Background: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) caused by multi-drug resistance and Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL)-producing gram-negative bacteria has been increased in different countries. The aim of the present study was to detect the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and the distribution of &lt;em&gt;Bla-TEM, Bla-SHV &lt;/em&gt;and&lt;em&gt; Bla-CTX-M&lt;/em&gt; genes in gram-negative bacteria isolated from outpatients infected with UTI, with and without CKD in Al-Najaf city, Iraq.&amp;nbsp;&lt;br /&gt;
Methods: A total of 120 non-duplicate urine samples were collected from outpatients (37 male and 83 female) infected with UTI in Al-Najaf city, Iraq; 60 samples from patients Without Kidney Disease (WKD) and 60 samples from patients with CKD. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was done according to Kirby-Bauer method. PCR technique was performed to investigate the prevalence of &lt;em&gt;Bla-TEM&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Bla-SHV&lt;/em&gt; and&lt;em&gt; Bla-CTX-M &lt;/em&gt;genes.&lt;br /&gt;
Results: A total of 126 different gram-negative bacterial strains were isolated. &lt;em&gt;Escherichia coli (E. coli)&lt;/em&gt; was the most prevalent bacterium (49 isolates) followed by &lt;em&gt;Idebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia) &lt;/em&gt;(35 isolates), &lt;em&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa)&lt;/em&gt; (18 isolates), &lt;em&gt;Citrobacter freundii (C. freundii) &lt;/em&gt;(12 isolates), &lt;em&gt;Enterobocter aerogenes (E. aerogenes)&lt;/em&gt; (8 isolates) and &lt;em&gt;Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis)&lt;/em&gt; (4 isolates). All bacterial isolates from UTI patients with CKD were resistant to antibiotics and carried &lt;em&gt;Bla-TEM&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Bla-SHV &lt;/em&gt;and &lt;em&gt;Bla-CTX-M&lt;/em&gt; genes more than isolates from UTI patients with WKD.&lt;br /&gt;
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that all bacterial isolates from UTI patients with CKD were more virulent than isolates from UTI patients with WKD.&lt;/p&gt;

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      </abstract>
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