Avicenna Research InstituteAvicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology2008-283515420231001Radiotherapy Combination: Insight from Tumor Immune Microenvironment (TIME)20921524988810.18502/ajmb.v15i4.13490ENMasoumehAlimohammadiDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranHaniyehGhaffari-NazariDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranRezaAlimohammadiDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMohsenBakhshandehDepartment of Radiology Technology, Allied Medical Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranSeyed AmirJalaliDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranNimaRezaeiDepartment of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20221231The view of Radiotherapy (RT) as a simple inducer of DNA damage resulting in tumor cell death has dramatically changed in recent years, and it is now widely accepted that RT can trigger an immune response which provides a sound basis for combining RT with immunotherapy. Given that, radiation can be delivered with different regimens, its effect on immune responses and Tumor Immune Microenvironment (TIME) may vary with dose and fractionation schedule. This fractional dose dependency may need to be more considered because of recent developments in RT delivery techniques making it possible to deliver precisely higher dosages per fraction (hypofractionation) while reducing exposure to normal tissues. Although combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy could be a promising strategy for synergistic enhancement of treatment efficacy, the selection of the best-matched combination of immunotherapy with each radiotherapy scheme remains to be addressed. Thus, for designing better therapeutic combinations, it is necessary to understand the immunological effects of RT. Here, we review the impact of conventional and different hypofractionation radiation schedules on the TIME. Subsequently, we highlight how knowing about these interactions may have implications for choosing a rational combination with targeted therapies.https://www.ajmb.org/article_249888_62fadf9327875c19fe89f2eedfd9fc4d.pdfAvicenna Research InstituteAvicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology2008-283515420231001Gypenosides Production and Spermatogenesis Recovery Potentials of Extracts from Cell Suspension Cultures of Gynostemma pentaphyllum21622224988910.18502/ajmb.v15i4.13491ENTungNguyen-ThanhFaculty of Basic Science, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 49000, Vietnam; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 49000, Vietnam0000-0002-5215-383XSangDang-NgocInstitute of Biotechnology, Hue University, Hue 49000, Vietnam; Vo Nguyen Giap Gifted High School, Quang Binh 47000, Vietnam0009-0007-8232-0727DungTran-QuocUniversity of Education, Hue University, Hue 49000, Vietnam0000-0003-3396-882XQuangHoang-TanInstitute of Biotechnology, Hue University, Hue 49000, Vietnam0000-0002-7275-8852Journal Article20230328Background: Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP), also called Giao-co-lam, is a traditional Vietnamese herb, also known as the "Herb of Immortality", that grows throughout Asian countries and is used for the treatment of hematuria, edema in the pharynx and neck, tumors, and trauma. Methods: In this study, we investigated the effects of culture conditions on cell growth and total gypenoside accumulation in the GP suspension cells. Cells were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L KIN and 0.5 mg/L IBA, and different inoculum sizes (2-4 g) for 10-24 days. Results: The results showed that the optimum inoculum size and shaking speed were 3 g of callus and 120 rpm, respectively. The highest cell biomass reached was 5.833 g of fresh weight, corresponding to 0.136 g of dry weight after 20 days of culture. The total gypenoside and Rb1 accumulation was the highest after 18 days of culture, with 46.498 mg/g and 0.038 mg/g dry weight, respectively. In addition, the crude extract from GP cell suspension cultures remarkably improved pathological changes in mouse testicular tissue after scrotal heat exposure. Blood testosterone levels were significantly increased in heat-exposed mice treated with the GP cell suspension culture extract. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that GP bio-mass production by cell suspension cultures leads to the accumulation of gypenosides in large amounts, and provides the potential for the recovery of spermatogenesis following heat stress.https://www.ajmb.org/article_249889_4977a8691cc62dd0224fc6bbfa7322ca.pdfAvicenna Research InstituteAvicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology2008-283515420231001Activity of Citrus aurantium and Lavandula angustifolia in Alzheimer’s Disease Symptoms in Male Wistar Rats22323124989010.18502/ajmb.v15i4.13492ENAmirArastehDepartment of Biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran0000-0003-0434-5500MortezaKarimpourDepartment of Biology, Rasht branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran0000-0003-1556-3968FaezehFallahDepartment of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran branch, Tehran, IranSaraKianiDepartment of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran branch, Tehran, IranMaedehKakavanDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranJournal Article20230312Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent chronic neurodegenerative disorders. The present study aims to better understand the mechanism by which Citrus aurantium (C. aurantium) and Lavandula angustifolia (L. angustifolia) hydro–alcoholic extracts were used to treat AD and anti–oxidant issues in a laboratory model. Methods: 15 male Wistar rats, weighing 250±20 gr, aged 6–8 weeks, were used. Amyloids in the brain were found and identified using the shuttle box and Congo red test. ELISA testing for norepinephrine and serotonin, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and Real–time PCR for expression of the APP < /em> and GLT1 genes were done. Results: The shuttle box test demonstrated that AD produces behavioral harm, since it significantly reduces passive avoidance learning. The Congo red test revealed that the AD models had much more amyloid beta in their brain tissue than the control. Norepinephrine levels were also decreased by using both extracts in test group. Treatment with both extracts led to a substantial rise in SOD activity and fall in MDA concentration. Conclusion: The gene expression data indicated that the relative expression of the APP < /em> and GLT1 genes was shown to be lower in the groups treated with both extracts. C. aurantium and L. angustifolia may therefore offer a multi–target treatment strategy for AD, which calls for more research in this area.https://www.ajmb.org/article_249890_0cb0a4049898a1849e27b0d136f73c03.pdfAvicenna Research InstituteAvicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology2008-283515420231001Transient Co-Expression of Bioactive Murine Interferon-Gamma and HBsAg in Tobacco and Lettuce Leaves23223824989110.18502/ajmb.v15i4.13493ENSaraMohammadzadehDepartment of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranMahshidAmiriLaboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of AmericaParastooEhsaniDepartment of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-3592-2008Journal Article20230428Background: The synchronous expression of antigen and adjuvant proteins in plant hosts presents an intriguing potential for vaccine production and the enhancement of appropriate immune responses. In this study, we examined the expression of bioactive murine interferon-gamma (mIFN-γ) along with HBsAg in tobacco and lettuce leaves aimed to further perform the analysis of immune responses in the mouse model. Methods: Monocistronic and bicistronic cassettes, carrying genes encoding mIFN-γ and HBsAg in various orders, were constructed. These cassettes were placed under the control of the 35S CaMV promoter and included the 5ʹ leader sequence of Tobacco Ech Virus (TEV). Through Agrobacterium infiltration, the cassettes were transferred into plant leaves. The concentration of mIFN-γ in different constructs and HBsAg was tested by ELISA. Murine IFN-γ was characterized through Western blotting, and its bioactivity was evaluated by assessing the up-regulation of MHC class II in macrophages derived from mouse bone marrow. Results: Extracts of agroinfiltrated leaves contained recombinant mIFN-γ and HBsAg proteins at about 14 unit/mg and 50 ng/mg of soluble protein, respectively. Subsequently, mIFN-γ was purified from the plant extract and its ability to up-regulate MHC class II in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages was confirmed by immunofluorescence. Conclusion: The co-expression of recombinant HBsAg and mIFN-γ using TEV 5ʹ leader-based cassettes in tobacco and lettuce leaves produced both proteins with active mIFN-γ in different concentrations. The attractive utility and feasibility of using plant transient co-expression systems aimed to co-delivery of vaccine antigen and appropriate cytokine to elicit immune response for different applications.https://www.ajmb.org/article_249891_f4cca6d55dd5c6dc316c6ac52501a64f.pdfAvicenna Research InstituteAvicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology2008-283515420231001Production of Egg Yolk Antibody (IgY) against Vibrio cholerae O1: Protective Effect in Mice23924424989210.18502/ajmb.v15i4.13497ENMohammadShoushtariAnatomical Sciences Research Center Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IranAli BaratShooshtariKaraj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, IranSepidehAsadiDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranYousofKaramiFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranMohsenHonariPayame Noor University, Tehran, IranGhorban AliAlizadehPayame Noor University, Tehran, IranMehdiZeinoddiniFaculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-9500-1334JavadFathiDepartment of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IranJournal Article20230504Background: Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by Vibrio cholera (V. cholera). The development of antibodies against specific V. cholerae may have a therapeutic effect. In the present research, we investigated the protective effect of egg yolk Immunoglobulin (IgY), which was produced by immunizing hens with formaldehyde-killed V. cholerae O1 and subsequently the isolated IgY was orally administrated to the V. cholerae O1 infected mice for evaluation of its immunizing capability. Methods: In the current study, hens were immunized three times with formaldehyde-killed V. cholerae O1 (1.5× 10 7 CFU/mL) and an equal volume of adjuvant. The IgY was isolated from egg yolk by polyethylene glycol method. The validity and activity of isolated IgY were confirmed with SDS-PAGE and ELISA methods, respectively. Subsequently IgY was orally administered to suckling mice following challenge with V. cholerae O1. ELISA results showed high antibody titer in the serum and egg yolk. Also, SDS-PAGE analysis showed successful purification of IgY and anti-V. cholerae IgY prevented the death of mice infected with V. cholerae O1. The anti-V. cholera IgY was administered at 2, 4, 6 hours’ intervals after 3 hours of inoculation of mice with V. cholerae O1. Results: Results showed that the rate of surviving mice (2 mg/mL of IgY) were 60% after 4 hours and 40% after 6 hours and the rate of surviving mice (5 mg/mL of IgY) was 70% after 4 hours and 60% after 6 hours. Conclusion: The findings suggested the egg yolk-driven IgY as a natural antibacterial protein, could be effective in the prevention and treatment of cholera disease.https://www.ajmb.org/article_249892_fed26c806307569ec4fb9fdb719bd22b.pdfAvicenna Research InstituteAvicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology2008-283515420231001Association of Catechol-O-Methyl-Transferase and Estrogen Receptors Polymorphism with Severity of Temporomandibular Disorder in Iranian Patients24525224989310.18502/ajmb.v15i4.13498ENHassanRoudgariGenomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine, Polwarth Building, Foresterhill Health Campus, Aberdeen University, Aberdeen, UKShamsolmouloukNajafiDepartment of Oral Medicine, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranSheydaKhalilianDepartment of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranZahraGhafarzadehSchool of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranAidaHahakzadehSchool of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranSheidaBehazinSchool of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranNafisehSheykhbahaeiDepartment of Oral Medicine, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranJournal Article20230206Background: There are many studies which strongly suggest that the pathophysiology of Temporomandibular joint Disorder (TMD) may also be influenced by genetic conditions. The current study was aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that the polymorphism of estrogen receptor genes, estrogen receptor 1 and 2 (ESR1 and ESR2), and the gene Catechol -O-Methyl-Transferase (COMT) could be Predisposing factor for TMD. Methods: In this case-control study, blood sample were taken from 100 TMD diagnosed patients based on Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) and 103 healthy individuals as the control group. Tetra ARMS-PCR method was used to amplify and identify COMT rs4680, ESR1 rs1643821, and ESR2 rs1676303 gene polymorphism. Results: ESR1 genotype AA and GA showed significantly increase probability (OR= 4.80, OR=2.98, respectively) of TMD. ESR2 T/T homozygosity was associated with decreased risk for TMD (OR=0.41). The relationship between COMT and TMD was not statistically significant (p>00.05). The relationship between the severity of TMD and ESR1 was significant (p=0.003). According to the inheritance pattern the COMT and ESR1 gene, in the dominant pattern can be susceptible to TMD and in ESR2 gene, in the recessive pattern can be protective to TMD. Conclusion: It seems that SNPs of ESR1 rs1643821 has a susceptible role and ESR2 rs1676303 has a protective role against TMD. Also, we add evidences that various genotype of COMT rs4680 were not statistically different between case and control, but allele A in the dominant inherence pattern can be susceptible to TMD.https://www.ajmb.org/article_249893_8e7c2cbc50c077f7db7865b98b19c269.pdfAvicenna Research InstituteAvicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology2008-283515420231001Association between PON1-rs662 Gene Polymorphism and Diabetic Retinopathy in Population of the Qom, Iran25325724989410.18502/ajmb.v15i4.13500ENFatemeSabbaghian BidgoliDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, IranAbasaltHosseinzadeh ColagarDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran0000-0001-6536-8250MajidTafrihiDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, IranRoohollahNakhaei SistaniDepartment of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Isfahan, IranJournal Article20230504Background: Diabetic retinopathy is the most severe diabetic microvascular complication that causes changes in the vessel wall. One of the genes involved in this disease is PON1, which encodes paraoxanase1 protein in liver and kidney. It might regulate inflammatory and microvascular responses to the disease. The rs662 T>C is one of the single nucleotide polymorphisms of this gene that changes glutamine to arginine at position 192. Methods: In this study, 300 samples were collected, including 100 healthy and 100 diabetics without retinopathy, and 100 diabetics retinopathies were studied and their age range was from 30 to 80 years. Then 2.5 ml of blood was collected from all relevant individuals in tubes containing EDTANa2. This polymorphism was examined by tetra-ARMS PCR. Results: Results showed that there is no significant correlation between genotypes and alleles related to PON1 and Diabetes (CC genotype: p=0.609; C allele: p=0.228). On the other hand, an association was observed between PON1 and diabetic retinopathy (CT+CC genotype: p<0.001; CT allele: p<0.001). Considering that the Polyphen database examined the changes caused by replacing the amino acid arginine instead of glutamine at position 129 on the protein, it does not consider these changes dangerous and has introduced this polymorphism as benign. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the rs662 locus could be considered as one of the molecular markers in future research.https://www.ajmb.org/article_249894_2dd3490b8d7cc7b698f5837b664f5d20.pdfAvicenna Research InstituteAvicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology2008-283515420231001Evaluation of Seroconversion Rate Following SARS COV 2 Vaccination in Health Care Workers at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences25826324989510.18502/ajmb.v15i4.13501ENMasoudAlaviDentist, Private Practice, Tehran, IranMohammadMousaviDentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranMohammadJazayeriDepartment of Virology, School of Public Health Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranAsgharEbadifarDepartment of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0001-8946-954XJournal Article20230108Background: Vaccines are the most effective way to prevent Coronavirus 2 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). This study examines and compares the efficiency of AstraZeneca, Sinopharm, and Sputnik vaccines and the correlation of antibody response with age, sex, and history of corona disease in employees of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Methods: 202 participants were included, of which 82 were administered the AstraZeneca, 59 were given the Sinopharm, and 61 were given the Sputnik vaccine. SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibody levels were checked four weeks after passing the second dose of all three vaccines using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results: There was no significant difference between the amount of IgM and IgG antibodies among three vaccines (p=0.056). For all three vaccines, gender and age did not significantly affect the amount of IgM and IgG antibodies. The history of infection with COVID-19 increased the antibody response (p>0.5). Conclusion: The titer of IgM and IgG antibodies were not statistically significantly different. The IgM and IgG antibodies produced by vector-based vaccines are higher than the Sinopharm vaccine. Gender did not affect the produced antibody titer. No significant linear relationship was found between age and antibody titer. In people from this study who received two doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine and had a corona history, the average amount of both IgM and IgG antibodies was measured more than the other participants.https://www.ajmb.org/article_249895_f67a536f159cb176f5fea999f6333aff.pdf