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Editorial
As our valued readers you may well be aware that, the Avicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology (AJMB) has recently been approved by the Commission for the Accreditation and Improvement of Iranian Medical Journals (CAIMJ) in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. The AJMB is now included in the final list of accredited scientific and research journals in Iran and articles published in the AJMB will receive the appropriate credits from all the research/teaching institutes and Universities throughout the country.
This is a great news for all our readers, contributors and particularly members of the editorial board and associates whose efforts in the past two years have brought this recognition from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. I hope such acknowledgement will further facilitate the submission of high quality articles from the researchers in Iran who are working in the field of Medical Biotechnology.
I must also inform our dear readers that the AJMB in the past year has been abstracted/ indexed in the databases as follows: Google Scholar, Genamics JournalSeek, Index Copernicus, EBSCO, Academic Search Complete, Serials Solution, Ulrichs Periodical Directory, Open J-Gate, Electronic Journals Library EZB, Scientific Information Database (SID), EMRmedex, IranMedex and Magiran. The AJMB will be added to further databases gradually as the number of published issues increases in the near future.
Inclusion in the databases that index so many international journals in the field of medicine and medical biotechnology would certainly bring wider readership worldwide for the articles published in the AJMB. Therefore, I would like to invite all scientists worldwide who work in the field of Medical Biotechnology to submit their works for publication in the AJMB. We would like to consider this journal as an international journal rather than a journal of a particular geographical region.
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https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=154
https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/154.pdf
AliM. ArdekaniReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran2
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23408654
Hepatic Tissue Engineering Using Scaffolds: State of the Art
<p>Severe hepatic failure accounts for many deaths and raises medical costs each year worldwide. Currently, liver transplantation is the most common therapeutic option for patients with end-stage chronic liver disease. Due to decrease in the number of organ donors, many in need of transplantation continue to remain on the waiting list. Hepatic Tissue Engineering is a step toward alleviating the need for organ donors. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering require two complementary key ingredients as follows: 1) biologically compatible scaffolds that can be readily adopted by the body system without harm, and 2) suitable cells including various stem cells or primary cells that effectively replace the damaged tissues without adverse consequences. Yet many challenges must be overcome such as scaffold choice, cell source and immunological barriers. Today, hepatogenic differentiation of stem cells has created trust and promise for use of these cells in hepatic tissue engineering and liver replacement. However, using suitable scaffolds is an important key to achieving the necessary functions required for hepatic replacement. In recent years, different scaffolds have been used for liver tissue engineering. In this review, we have presented different concepts in using cell /scaffold constructs to guide hepatic tissue engineering.</p>
Hepatocyte, Liver, Stem cells, Tissue engineering, Tissue scaffold
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https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=19
https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/19.pdf
SomaiehKazemnejadDepartment of Embryology and Stem Cells, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR , Tehran, Iran64
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23408441
Sperm Chromatin Integrity: Etiologies and Mechanisms of Abnormality, Assays, Clinical Importance, Preventing and Repairing Damage
<p>The standard semen analysis is the first line and the most popular laboratory test in the diagnosis of male fertility. It evaluates sperm concentration, motility, morphology and their vitality. However, it is well-known that normal results of semen analysis can not exclude men from the causes of couples? infertility. One of the most important parameters of sperm in its fertilizing potential is "Sperm chromatin integrity" that has direct positive correlation with Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART) outcomes including; fertilization rate, embryo quality, pregnancy and successful delivery rate. It seems that sperm DNA chromatin integrity provides better diagnostic and prognostic approaches than standard semen parameters. For these reasons under-standing the sperm chromatin structure, etiology of sperm chromatin abnor-mality, identification factors that disturbs sperm chromatin integrity and the mechanism of their action can help in recognizing the causes of couples? infertility. Various methods of its evaluation, its importance in male fertility, clinical relevance in the outcomes of ART and application of laboratory and medical protocols to improve this integrity have valuable position in diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. There has recently been interest in the subject and its application in the field of andrology. Therefore, with regard to the above mentioned importance of sperm chromatin integrity, this review article describes details of the useful information pertaining to sperm DNA damage including the origins, assessments, etiologies, clinical aspects, and prevention of it.</p>
Chromatin, DNA Damage, Fertility, Male, Spermatozoa
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https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=20
https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/20.pdf
AzitaHekmatdoostDepartment of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Industry, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran65
NiknamLakpourReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR , Tehran, Iran66
Mohammad RezaSadeghiReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR , Tehran, Iran40
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23408118
TSGA10 is Specifically Expressed in Astrocyte and Over-expressed in Brain Tumors
<p>In this study TSGA10 has been demonstrated as a testis-specific human gene that encodes a protein localized in sperm-tail and conserved in ciliary structure. Further investigations showed TSGA10 signalling and expression during embryogenesis, brain development and some malignancies including brain tumors. Given the role of this protein in neuronal development and in certain tumors, it could potentially serve as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in brain tumors. Therefore, using immunohistochemistry, we evaluated the localization of TSGA10 in different regions of brain, and its pattern/level of expression in tissue microarray (Cybrdi) containing human brain tumors and normal brain. In rat specimens, TSGA10 was mainly expressed in subventricular zone, hippocampus and granular layer of cerebellum of the brain. The antibody also stained the diverse and different types of human brain cancers. The TSGA10 was strongly over-expressed in glioblastoma and astrocytoma when compared to normal human brain. The expression of TSGA10 was also confirmed in astrocyte derived from a human astroctyoma cell line by immunocytochemistry. This study indicates that TSGA10 can be used as an immunohistochemical marker for human neuroglia and astrocyte cells and is over-expressed in brain tumors.</p>
Astrocytes, Brain neoplasms, Immunohistochemistry, Neuron-glia, TSGA10 protein
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https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=21
https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/21.pdf
BabakBehnamDepartment of Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) , Tehran, Iran67
AliChahlaviSt. Vincent's Spine and Brain Institute, Jacksonville , Florida, USA68
JogiPattisapuDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida (UCF), Orlando , Florida, USA69
JonathanWolfeDepartment of Biology, University College London (UCL) , London, UK70
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23408482
Antinociceptive and Antipyretic Activities of Amaranthus Viridis Linn in Different Experimental Models
Methanolic extract of whole plant of Amaranthus viridis L (MEAV), was screened for antinociceptive activity using acetic acid induced writhing test, hot plate test and tail immersion test in mice. In a similar way a screening exercise was carried out to determine the antipyretic potential of the extract using yeast induced pyrexia method in rats. Administration of the extracts was applied to both laboratory animals at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The results of the statistical analysis showed that MEAV had significant (p<0.01) dose dependent antinociceptive and antipyretic properties at 200 and 400 mg/kg. Hence present investigation reveals the antinociceptive and antipyretic activities of methanolic extract of Amaranthus viridis.
Analgesics, Animals, Dose response relationship, Methanol, Plant extracts
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https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=22
https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/22.pdf
BagepalliSrinivas Ashok KumarDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Sri K.V.College of Pharmacy, Chickballapur , Karnataka, India71
KurubaLakshmanDepartment of Pharmacognosy, PES College of Pharmacy, Bangalore , Karnataka, India72
KoralaKonta Narsimha JayaveeraDepartment of Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University of College of Engineering, Anantapur , Andhra Pradesh, India73
DevangamSheshadri ShekarDepartment of Pharmacology, Sri K.V.College of Pharmacy, Chickballapur , Karnataka, India74
ChinnaSwamyVel MuraganDepartment of Pharmacology, Sri K.V.College of Pharmacy, Chickballapur , Karnataka, India75
BachappaManojDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Sri K.V.College of Pharmacy, Chickballapur , Karnataka, India76
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23408716
Effects of Sperm Chromatin Integrity on Fertilization Rate and Embryo Quality Following Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
Sperm chromatin integrity has been being recognized as an important factor in male fertility. During normal fertilization, high quality sperm with intact chromatin are selected through natural selection in journey from vagina to fallopian tube. However, using Assisted Reproductive Techniques, particularly ICSI, the natural selection is bypassed. Therefore sperm with DNA breakage have the opportunity to fertilize the egg which may lead to decreased embryo quality and implantation rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sperm chromatin integrity on ICSI outcomes. A total of 200 semen samples were collected from couples undergoing ICSI and were analyzed according to WHO criteria. Each sample was evaluated for sperm chromatin integrity using four cytochemical assays and semen processing by swim up method. The ICSI was carried out according to a long-term pituitary down-regulation protocol. The correlation between sperm parameters, sperm chromatin integrity and ICSI outcomes (fertilization rate and embryo quality) was examined. The mean number of oocyte, fertilization rate and cleavage embryos per cycles was 7.5±5.0, 74.06%±25 and 5.4±3.6, respectively. There was not significant correlation between the results of chromatin assays (AO, AB, TB, and CMA3) and fertilization outcomes following ICSI. The fertilization rate was significantly higher for a group with less than 10% chromatin abnormality (p<0.05). Sperm chromatin integrity is essential for successful fertilization, embryo development and normal pregnancy. A protamine deficiency appeared to affect fertilization rate and embryo quality. However, the presence of confounding factors such as selection of spermatozoa according to normal morphology may influence the effect of sperm chromatin status on ICSI outcomes.
Chromatin, Embryo, Fertilization, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), Reproductive techniques, Semen analysis
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https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=23
https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/23.pdf
Mohammad RezaSadeghiReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR , Tehran, Iran40
MahshidHodjatReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR , Tehran, Iran77
NiknamLakpourReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR , Tehran, Iran66
SoheilaArefiReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR , Tehran, Iran78
NaserAmirjannatiReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR , Tehran, Iran79
TaherehModarresiReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR , Tehran, Iran80
HossainHossaini JaddaReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR , Tehran, Iran81
Mohammad MehdiAkhondiReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR , Tehran, Iran13
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23408235
The Effect of the Duration of In Vitro Maturation (IVM) on Parthenogenetic Development of Ovine Oocytes
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of time of parthenogenetic activation (22 hr versus 27 hr after In Vitro Maturation-IVM) on in vitro development of ovine oocytes using either single (Ionomycin 5 ?M for 5 min or Ethanol 7% for 7 min) or combined (ionomycin and ethanol with 6-DMAP 2 mM for 3 hr) activation treatments. The abattoir-derived in vitro matured activated oocytes were cultured in modified synthetic oviductal fluid and assessed for the cleavage, blastocyst, and hatching rates. The single-activated oocytes had a reduction in cleavage, blastocyst and hatching rates compared to the combined-activated oocytes (except for the cleavage at 27 hr). In single-treated groups the rates of cleavage and blastocyst were increased as the maturation time was extended from 22 hr to 27 hr. The numbers of total cells and Inner Cell Mass (ICM), though insignificant, were greater in combined-treated groups compared to the single treatment. The number of ICM in Eth+6-DMAP group activated at 27 hr was lower than 22 hr. Nonetheless, irrespective of the activation protocol, development to the blastocyst stage, the numbers of total cell, ICM, and cell allocation (ICM/total cells) were significantly lower in parthenogenetic than fertilized embryos. In conclusion, though the cleavage and blastocyst rates in single-treated groups were positively influenced by the extension of duration of IVM (27 hr), there was a trend of decreased numbers of total cells and ICM in slightly aged oocytes. Moreover, developmental potential of ovine parthenotes, especially in young oocytes, was improved by the addition of 6-DMAP to the activation regimen.
Blastocyst, Ethanol, Ionomycin, Parthenogenesis, Sheep
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https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=24
https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/24.pdf
AbolfazlShiraziReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR , Tehran, Iran82
AminBahiraeeResearch Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Shahrekord University , Shahrekord, Iran83
EbrahimAhmadiResearch Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Shahrekord University , Shahrekord, Iran84
HassanNazariResearch Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Shahrekord University , Shahrekord, Iran85
BanafshehHeidariReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR , Tehran, Iran86
SaraBorjianResearch Institute of Animal Embryo Technology, Shahrekord University , Shahrekord, Iran87
en
23408162
Lack of Association Between Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -308 G/A Polymorphism and Risk of Developing Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease in an Iranian Population
Late-onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia affecting people over 65 years old. Alzheimer’s disease is a complex disease with multi-factorial etiology. Inflammation has been approved to have an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). TNF-a is a main pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays an essential role in initiation and regulation of inflammatory responses. Several studies have shown the probable association of polymorphism at TNF-a gene’s promoter with AD pathogenesis. This study was performed to determine whether this polymorphism contributes to the risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) in Iranian population. One hundred and forty AD patients and 158 healthy controls were recruited in the study. Following extraction of genomic DNA, using PCR/RFLP methods the genotype and allele frequencies were determined in case and control subjects. The statistical analysis showed no significant difference in the allele and genotype frequencies due to this polymorphism between the two groups. Also after stratifying the subjects by their APOE-e4 status, no significant association was observed. Our results suggest that Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?)
-308 G/A is not a risk or protective factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease in Iranian population. However, to confirm these results further study with a bigger sample size may be required.
Alzheimer’s disease, Genetic association study, Polymorphism, Population, TNF-a, Gene
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https://www.ajmb.org/En/Article.aspx?id=25
https://www.ajmb.org/PDF/En/FullText/25.pdf
MehdiManoochehriGenetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences , Tehran, Iran88
KooroshKamaliEpidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran89
MehdiRahgozarEpidemiology and Biostatistics Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences , Tehran, Iran90
MinaOhadiGenetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences , Tehran, Iran46
HomaFarrokhi KaribozorgReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR , Tehran, Iran91
Hamid RezaKhorram KhorshidReproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR , Tehran, Iran42